Breudwd Welsh Prose 1350-1425
Cymraeg

Peniarth 47i: Golygiad Electronig. Ffeil flaen TEI
Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC)
Whitefriars, Lewins Mead, Bristol BS1 2AE. 0117 987 6500
Peter Wynn Thomas, D Mark Smith, Diana Luft

Peniarth 47i: An Electronic Edition

TEI header

Peniarth 47i: Golygiad Electronig

Ffeil flaen TEI

Editorial principles

Egwyddorion golygu

Corff Electronig o Ryddiaith Cymraeg Canol aims to produce machine-readable editions of all the medieval Welsh prose texts which have been preserved in manuscripts dating from c.1350 to c.1425.

Nod Corff Electronig o Ryddiaith Cymraeg Canol yw cynhyrchu golygiadau electronig o’r holl destunau rhyddiaith a gadwyd mewn llawysgrifau a ddyddir i’r cyfnod rhwng oddeutu 1350 ac 1425.

The project is a continuation and a development of two previous projects funded by the University of Wales which transcribed the Welsh prose in manuscripts dated to c.1250-c.1350.

Mae’r prosiect presennol yn parhau ac yn datblygu dau brosiect blaenorol a ariannwyd gan Brifysgol Cymru. Nod y gwaith hwnnw oedd trawsgrifio’r rhyddiaith mewn llawysgrifau a luniwyd rhwng tua 1250 ac 1350.

The intention is to give scholars access not only to texts that have hitherto remained unedited but also to the different versions of texts that have been the subject of critical editions.

Mae’r Corff yn cynnwys testunau a olygwyd eisoes mewn gwahanol ffyrdd a hefyd destunau nas cyhoeddwyd erioed o’r blaen. Y bwriad yw rhyddau’r testunau hyn mewn golygiad sy’n cynnwys ymyrryd golygyddol lleiafol.

Certain decorative features have been encoded: these may trigger further study of the original manuscripts. Primarily, however, the resource provides detail which it is hoped will further the study of the language and literature of the period.

Amgodiwyd rhai nodweddion addurnol a all sbarduno astudio’r llawysgrifau gwreiddiol ymhellach. Y prif nod, fodd bynnag, yw darparu manylion y gobeithir y byddant yn hyrwyddo astudio iaith a llenyddiaeth y cyfnod.

In producing this edition, we have attempted to fulfil two different and often non-complementary if not opposing goals: to present a minimally edited edition of the text, and to represent as many visual features of the manuscript as possible.

Mae’r golygiad hwn yn ceisio cyflawni dau nod gwahanol sydd weithiau’n gwrthdaro â’i gilydd: cyflwyno golygiad lleiafol o’r testun, a chynrychioli cynifer o nodweddion gweledol y llawysgrif ag y bo modd.

Visual features of the text such as layout, and rubrication may prove to be as essential in textual interpretation as features such as punctuation, letter forms, capitalisation and word division, which are more usually invoked by scholars in the field.

Wrth ddehongli testun, gall nodweddion gweledol megis rhuddellu a diwyg y testun fod mor bwysig â phriodoleddau fel atalnodi, ffurfiau llythrennau, priflythrennu a rhannu geiriau.

The orthography of the original text has been maintained, even where it is idiosyncratic, as the unique characteristics of the scribe’s spelling may shed light upon the language of the period as he, his audience, or patron used it. Where the scribe’s orthography seems to merit particular attention, an editorial gloss has been added to indicate what we believe to have been the target form.

Gall nodweddion yn sillafu ysgrifydd ein goleuo ynglŷn â’r iaith a ddefnyddiai ef, ei noddwr, neu ei gynulleidfa. Gan hynny, cadwyd orgraff y testun gwreiddiol. Pan dybiwyd bod nodwedd orgraffyddol yn teilyngu sylw arbennig, ychwanegwyd nodyn golygyddol i gyfeirio’r darllenydd at y ffurf darged debygol.

In some places, especially where the manuscript is damaged, we have supplied text. This serves the two-fold purpose of presenting a complete text and, perhaps more importantly, of indicating the size of the damaged area.

In order to make editorial intervention as transparent as possible, supplied text is clearly marked off from the manuscript text by a different font. Also in the spirit of editorial transparency, we have wherever possible used published editions for supplied text. Text supplied from published editions may suffer from obvious errors or significant differences in orthography from the manuscript text. We have refrained from imposing our own editorial actions on such features.

Mewn mannau, ac yn arbennig pan fydd llawysgrif wedi ei difrodi, ceisiwyd cyflawni’r testun. Symbylwyd hyn gan ddau ddyhead: cynorthwyo'r darllenydd ac – yn bwysicach o’r safbwynt golygyddol – dangos helaethrwydd y difrodi.

Er mwyn i’r darllenydd gael dirnad ôl y golygydd defnyddiwyd ffont arall i ddynodi geiriau a ychwanegwyd at y testun gwreiddiol. Pan fyddai modd, o olygiadau cyhoeddedig y codwyd geiriau a ychwanegwyd. Mae’n bwysig cofio, fodd bynnag, y gall testun mewn golygiad arall gynnwys gwallau amlwg neu elfennau orgraffyddol sy'n amlwg wahanol i destun y llawysgrif. Ymataliwyd rhag ymyrryd â nodweddion o’r fath.

The transcription of this manuscript, as well as the information in this TEI header, is based on the microfilm reproduction of the manuscript produced by the National Library of Wales in 1994. As we have not checked the transcription against the original, information on the matters such as colour scheme and ornamentation should be treated as provisional.

Seiliwyd y trawsgrifiad o’r llawysgrif ynghyda’r wybodaeth yn y ffeil flaen hon ar y atgynhyrchiad microffilm a gynhyrchwyd gan Lyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru o’r llawysgrif wreiddiol yn 1994. Gan na chafwyd cyfle i wirio’r trawsgrifiad drwy eu gymharu â’r llawysgrif wreiddiol, amodol yw’r wybodaeth am nodweddion fel lliwiau ac addurniadau.

Source description

Y Ffynhonnell

Settlement: AberystwythLle: Aberystwyth
Repository: National Library of WalesLlyfrgell: Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru
Shelf-mark: Peniarth 47iMynegrif: Peniarth 47i

Contents

Cynnwys

Peniarth 47 is a composite manuscript, containing three originally separate manuscripts.

Part one of the manuscript was originally Hengwrt 27B; part two was originally Hengwrt 540C, dated by Daniel Huws (2000: 61) to the first half of the fifteenth century; and part three was originally Hengwrt 540D and Hengwrt 411, dated by Daniel Huws (2000: 61) to the middle of the fifteenth century. Hengwrt 540A and Hengwrt 540B are now bound with Peniarth 6.

This document concerns only the first part of the manuscript, part one, or Hengwrt 27B; parts two and three fall outside of the remit of the present project.

Llawysgrif gyfansawdd yw Peniarth 47 sydd yn cynnwys tair llawysgrif a fu ar un adeg yn annibynnol ar ei gilydd.

Hengwrt 27B oedd y rhan gyntaf o’r llawysgrif gyfansawdd yn wreiddiol; Hengwrt 540C, a ddyddiwyd gan Daniel Huws (2000: 61) i ran gyntaf y bymthegfed ganrif, oedd yr ail ran; a Hengwrt 540D a Hengwrt 411, a ddyddiwyd gan Daniel Huws (2000: 61) i ganol y bymthegfed ganrif, oedd y drydedd. Y mae Hengwrt 540A a Hengwrt 540B bellach wedi eu cydrwymo â Peniarth 6.

Mae’r ail ran a’r drydedd yn perthyn i gyfnod diweddarach na’r llawysgrifau sy’n rhan o’r prosiect presennol. Gan hynny, dim ond y rhan gyntaf, sef Hengwrt 27B, a drafodir yn y ddogfen hon.

There is a great deal of additional material bound with the manuscript, including letters by scholars attempting to clarify its complex organisation and the whereabouts of its miscellaneous parts, and materials used in binding.

>Rhwymwyd llawer o ddeunyddiau ychwanegol gyda’r llawysgrif. Mae’r rhain yn cynnwys llythyrau gan ysgolheigion sy’n ceisio egluro cymhlethdod y llawysgrif, hanes yr amryfal rannau, a deunyddiau a ddefnyddiwyd wrth rwymo.

Pages i-xv verso consist of material related to the manuscript in the form a series of letters in English between the nineteenth century Welsh scholar the Reverend Robert Williams and William Watkin Wynne, owner of the Peniarth manuscripts. There are also notes on the manuscript in the hand of Egerton Phillimore.

Mae tudalennau i-xv verso yn cynnwys cyfres o lythyrau Saesneg sy’n ymwneud â’r llawysgrif rhwng yr ysgolhaig o’r bedwaredd ganrif ar bymtheg, y Parchedig Robert Williams a William Watkin Wynne, perchennog llawysgrifau Peniarth. Mae yma hefyd nodiadau am y llawysgrif gan Egerton Phillimore.

Pages 1r–3v consist of a fragment of Brut y Brenhined in an unidentified textura hand of the fourteenth or fifteenth century, ending with a Latin note in another unidentified anglicana hand of the fifteenth or sixteenth century. This material was used for binding the manuscript and has not been included in this transcription.

Mae tudalennau 1r–3v yn cynnwys dernyn o Brut y Brenhined mewn llaw decstwra o’r bedwaredd ganrif ar ddeg neu’r bymthegfed. Ar y diwedd ceir nodyn Lladin mewn llaw anglicana o’r bymthegfed ganrif neu’r unfed ar bymtheg. Defnyddiwyd y deunyddiau hyn wrth rwymo’r llawysgrif ac nis cynhwyswyd yn y golygiad presennol.

Pages 1-26 consist of fragments of Ystorya Dared, the Welsh translation of the De excidio Troiae historia ascribed to Dares Phrygius. This leads Daniel Huws (2000: 49) to suggest that this manuscript may originally have been meant to form a single volume along with Peniarth 46, which contains a copy of Brut y Brenhined in the hand of the same scribe.

Darnau o Ystorya Dared, cyfieithiad i’r Gymraeg o De excidio Troiae historia a dadogwyd ar Dares Phrygius sydd ar dudalennau 1–26. Ysgogodd hynny Daniel Huws (2000: 49) i awgrymu y gallai’r llawsygrif hon fod wedi ei bwriadu’n wreiddiol i fod yn rhan o un gyfrol y ceid ynddi hefyd Peniarth 46, sy’n cynnwys copi o Brut y Brenhined yn llaw’r un ysgrifydd.

Order of pages

Trefn y tudalennau

Page Comments Scribe
Tudalen Sylwadau Ysgrifydd
i r-iii v blank
i r-iii v gwag
iv r Note on contents giving the Hengwrt and Peniarth designations in a modern hand ?Evans
iv r Nodyn ar y cynnwys mewn llaw ddiweddar yn rhoi rhifau casgliadau Hengwrt a Pheniarth ?Evans
iv v blank
iv v gwag
v r Note on contents giving the Hengwrt designations of all parts of the manuscript, and giving the then whereabouts of Hengwrt 540A and Hengwrt 540B, in a modern hand ?Evans
v r Nodyn ar y cynnwys mewn llaw ddiweddar yn cofnodi rhif Hengwrt ar gyfer pob rhan o’r llawysgrif, ac yn nodi ymhle y cedwid Hengwrt 540A a Hengwrt 540B. ?Evans
v v blank
v v gwag
vi r Note on Hengwrt 27B, stating that it had been kept with Peniarth 46; in a modern hand ?Evans
vi r Nodyn mewn llaw ddiweddar am Hengwrt 27B, yn datgan iddi gael ei chadw gyda Peniarth 46 ?Evans
vi v blank
vi v gwag
vii r-viii r Letter from the Reverend Robert Williams to William Watkin Wynne dated 23.12.1863 Williams
vii r-viii r Llythyr oddi wrth y Parchedig Robert Williams at William Watkin Wynne, 23.12.1863 Williams
viii v-ix v blank
viii v-ix v gwag
x r-xi r Letter from the Reverend Robert Williams to William Watkin Wynne dated 9.12.1863 Williams
x r-xi r Llythyr oddi wrth y Parchedig Robert Williams at William Watkin Wynne, 9.12.1863 Williams
xi v-xii v blank
xi v-xii v gwag
xiii r Note in the hand of Egerton Phillimore, on the similarity between Hengwrt 540 and the Didrefn Gasgliad (Llanstephan 1 and Llanstephan 2) Phillimore
xiii r Nodyn yn llaw Egerton Phillimore yn nodi’r tebygrwydd rhwng Hengwrt 540 a’r Didrefn Gasgliad (Llanstephan 1 a Llanstephan 2) Phillimore
xiii v Note in the hand of Egerton Phillimore on Hengwrt 540D and the Didrefn Gasgliad (Llanstephan 1 and Llanstephan 2) Phillimore
xiii v Nodyn yn llaw Egerton Phillimore am Hengwrt 540D a’r Didrefn Gasgliad (Llanstephan 1 a Llanstephan 2) Phillimore
xiv r Note in the hand of the Reverend Robert Williams on the contents of Hengwrt 540C dated 30.11.1864. Williams
xiv r Nodyn yn llaw’r Parchedig Robert Williams am gynnwys Hengwrt 540C, 30.11.1864. Williams
xiv v Stamped envelope addressed to the Reverend Robert Williams and dated 25.11.1864 ?
xiv v Amlen stampiedig a gyfeiriwyd at y Parchedig Robert Williams, dyddiedig 25.11.1864 ?
xv r-xv v blank
xv r-xv v gwag
1r-3v Fragment of Brut y Brenhined in an unidentified 14th century rounded textura hand, used in binding unknown
1r-3v Dernyn o Brut y Brenhined mewn llaw decstwra gron o’r bedwaredd ganrif ar ddeg, a ddefnyddiwyd wrth rwymo unknown
3v Latin note in an unidentified 16th century anglicana hand unknown
3v Nodyn Lladin mewn llaw anglicana o’r unfed ganrif ar bymtheg unknown
1-12 Ystorya Dared, incomplete Anchorite of Llanddewibrefi
1-12 Ystorya Dared, anghyflawn Ancr Llanddewibrefi
Pages missing Tudalennau coll
13-20 Ystorya Dared, incomplete Anchorite of Llanddewibrefi
13-20 Ystorya Dared, anghyflawn Ancr Llanddewibrefi
Pages missing Tudalennau coll
21-24 Ystorya Dared, incomplete Anchorite of Llanddewibrefi
21-24 Ystorya Dared, anghyflawn Ancr Llanddewibrefi
Pages missing Tudalennau coll
25-26 Ystorya Dared, incomplete Anchorite of Llanddewibrefi
25-26 Ystorya Dared, anghyflawn Ancr Llanddewibrefi
Pages missing Tudalennau coll

Editions

Golygiadau

The following texts were consulted during transcription:

Ymgynghorwyd â’r testunau canlynol wrth drawsgrifio:

Text missing from the damaged pages has been supplied from Owens (1951). Owens himself filled these gaps by comparing his text with that of Peniarth 314 (Hengwrt 293) part 2, a sixteenth century manuscript in the hand of John Jones of Gelli Lyfdy.

Codwyd elfennau o Owens (1951) i gyflenwi’r hyn a ddifrodwyd ar rai tudalennau. Llanwodd Owens ei hun y bylchau hyn drwy gymharu ei destun ag eiddo Peniarth 314 (Hengwrt 293) rhan 2, llawysgrif o’r unfed ganrif ar bymtheg yn llaw John Jones, Gelli Lyfdy.

Accompanying materials

Deunyddiau atodol

Notes in a number of modern hands precede the manuscript and are bound with it:

Mae nodiadau mewn sawl llaw ddiweddar yn rhagflaenu’r llawysgrif ac wedi eu rhwymo gyda hi:

Language

Iaith

The text is written in medieval Welsh.

Ysgrifennwyd y testun yng Nghymraeg y cyfnod canol.

Layout

Diwyg

The text is written in a single column, with 22 lines to each page.

Ysgrifennwyd y testun mewn un golofn. Mae 22 linell ar bob tudalen.

Foliation

Dalennu

There are several systems of foliation in the top right corner of each recto page. Most of these are difficult to follow as this section of the page is missing in several cases. However, page numbering from 1 to 26 is found consistently in black ink in a modern hand and we have followed this system.

Dalennwyd y llawysgrif sawl gwaith gan nodi’r rhifau yng nghornel dde uchaf pob tudalen recto. Am fod y rhan hon o’r ddalen wedi ei cholli mewn sawl achos, nid hawdd dilyn y rhan fwyaf o’r daleniadau. Fodd bynnag, rhifwyd y dail yn gyson o 1 i 26 mewn llaw ddiweddar a ddefnyddio inc du; y sustem hon a ddilynwyd gennym ni.

Origin

Tarddiad

The manuscript was written in Wales in the middle of the fourteenth century (Evans 1898-1910: 380, Huws 2000: 59).

Ysgrifennwyd y llawysgrif yng Nghymru tua chanol y bedwaredd ganrif ar ddeg (Evans 1898-1910: 380, Huws 2000: 59).

History

Hanes

Peniarth 46 was acquired by Robert Vaughan of Hengwrt (1592-1667). It is not known where Vaughan got most of his manuscripts, but according to a story in the writings of Edward Lhuyd (Tibbott 1943: iv) he inherited those in the possession of John Jones of Gellilyfdy on Jones's death about 1658. The Hengwrt manuscripts were catalogued in 1658 by William Maurice of Cefnybraich, Llansilin (Jones 1943: xvi). The manuscript was bequeathed by Sir Robert Williames Vaughan (d. 1859), the last baronet of Hengwrt, to his friend William Watkin Edward Wynne (1801-1880) of Peniarth in 1859, along with the rest of the Hengwrt collection (Tibbott 1943: viii).

Bu Peniarth 46 yn eiddo i Robert Vaughan o’r Hengwrt (1592-1667). Ni wyddys o ble y cafodd Vaughan y rhan fwyaf o’i lawysgrifau, ond yn ôl hanesyn a gofnododd Edward Lhuyd (Tibbott 1943: iv) fe etifeddodd y rhai a fu’n eiddo i John Jones, Gelli Lyfdy pan fu farw Jones tua 1658. Yn 1658 catalogwyd llawysgrifau Hengwrt gan William Maurice o Gefnybraich, Llansilin (Jones 1943: xvi). Yn 1859, gwaddolwyd y casgliad gan Syr Robert Williames Vaughan (m. 1859), barwnig olaf Hengwrt, i’w gyfaill William Watkin Edward Wynne (1801-1880), Peniarth (Tibbott 1943: viii).

The Hengwrt catalogue was revised by Aneurin Owen (d.1851), and then by William Watkin Wynne. This catalogue was published in Archaeologia Cambrensis, 1869-1871 (Jones 1943: xv). The manuscript was catalogued and re-numbered by J. Gwenogvryn Evans when he examined the collection for the Historical Manuscripts Commission along with the rest of the Peniarth manuscripts, while they were in the possession of W.W.E. Wynne’s son, William Robert Maurice Wynne (d.1909). The Peniarth collection was secured for the nascent National Library of Wales by Sir John Williams who, in 1904, paid the Wynne brothers a sum to ensure the reversion of the collection to the Library upon the death of both brothers. Along with the rest of the collection, the manuscript passed to the Library in 1909 (Tibbott 1943: viii).

Adolygwyd catalog Hengwrt gan Aneurin Owen (m.1851), a chan William Watkin Wynne. Cyhoeddwyd y catalog hwnnw yn Archaeologia Cambrensis, 1869-1871 (Jones 1943: xv). Catalogwyd y llawysgrif a’i hailrifo gan J. Gwenogvryn Evans pan archwiliodd y casgliad ar gyfer Comisiwn Llawysgrifau Hanesyddol. Erbyn hynny aethai’r casgliad yn eiddo i William Robert Maurice Wynne (m.1909), mab W.W.E. Wynne.

The Peniarth collection was secured for the nascent National Library of Wales by Sir John Williams who, in 1904, paid the Wynne brothers a sum to ensure the reversion of the collection to the Library upon the death of both brothers. Along with the rest of the collection, the manuscript passed to the Library in 1909 (Tibbott 1943: viii).

Yn 1904 talodd Syr John Williams swm o arian i’r brodyr Wynne er mwyn sicrhau yr âi casgliad Peniarth i’r Llyfrgell Genedlaethol pan fyddai’r ddau farw. Yn 1909 y bu hynny (Tibbott 1943: viii).

Hand

Y llaw

The manuscript is written in a rounded textura, the most common script used in Welsh manuscripts up to the end of the fifteenth century.

Mewn tecstwra gron – sgript fwyaf cyffredin llawysgrifau Cymraeg hyd at ddiwedd y bymthegfed ganrif – yr ysgrifennwyd y testun.

The scribe is known as the Anchorite of Llanddewibrefi, and was responsible for penning a number of important manuscripts of the period including Peniarth 47i, Peniarth 18, parts of Peniarth 5, and Llyvyr Agkyr Llanddewivrevi (Oxford Jesus College 119), after which he has been named.

Adweinir yr ysgrifydd wrth yr enw Ancr Llanddewibrefi, gŵr a gopïodd nifer o lawysgrifau pwysig yn y cyfnod, gan gynnwys Peniarth 47i, Peniarth 18, rhannau o Peniarth 5, a Llyvyr Agkyr Llanddewivrevi (Oxford Jesus College 119), sef y llawysgrif yr enwyd ef ar ei hôl.

Letter forms

Ffurfiau’r llythrennau

Medial <a> <a> ganolig

Medial <a> tends to occur immediately following the punctus. It is easily distinguishable from the capital form of the letter, but the difference between it and the common form may be slight.

Mae’r <a> ganolig yn tueddu i ddigwydd ar ôl y punctus ac ar ddechrau enwau personol. Y mae’n amlwg wahanol i’r briflythyren gyfatebol, ond ar dro prin fydd y gwahaniaeth rhyngddi a’r ffurf fach.

Capitals and semi-caps Priflythrennau mawr a lled-briflythrennau

The difference between some of the capitals and semi-caps may be slight. This is especially so when the capital is simply a slightly larger version of the small form. Examples of such semi-capitals are:

Nid oes bob amser wahaniaeth clir rhwng rhai o’r priflythrennau mawr a’r rhai llai. Ceir hyn yn arbennig pan na fydd y briflythyren ond yn fersiwn ychydig yn fwy na’r llall. Enghreifftir priflythrennau llai o’r fath gan:

Word division

Rhannu geiriau

Though words are separated by clearly distinguishable spaces throughout most of the manuscript, in some places it is not clear whether sequences are to be taken to represent one word or two.

Fel rheol ceir bwlch amlwg rhwng geiriau. Ar brydiau, fodd bynnag, nid yw’n glir a fwriadwyd i olyniad fod yn un gair neu ddau.

Orthography

Orgraff

The orthography of the original text has been maintained, even where it is idiosyncratic, as the unique characteristics of the scribe's spelling may shed light upon the language of the period as he, his predecessors, or his patron used it.

Cadwyd orgraff y testun gwreiddiol oherwydd y mae’n bosibl y gall ein goleuo am iaith y cyfnod fel y defnyddid hi gan yr ysgrifydd, ei gynsail, neu ei noddwr.

Names Enwau

While the scribe is relatively consistent in his spelling of some of the many names in the text, especially those that appear more commonly, such as <agamemnon>, <alexandyr>, <ychel>, and <ector>, there is a great deal of variation in the less common names. Those names and their variants are collected here, along with their counterparts from the text of the Ystorya Dared as edited by J. Gwenogvryn Evans in The Text of the Bruts from the Red Book of Hergest (RBH). The names are listed in alphabetical order:

Y mae’r ysgrifydd yn weddol gyson wrth sillafu rhai o’r lliaws enwau yn y testun, yn enwedig y rhai sy’n digwydd yn aml, megis <agamemnon>, <alexandyr>, <ychel>, ac <ector>. Ond ceir cryn amrywio yn ffurfiau’r enwau llai cyffredin. Crynhoir yr enwau hynny a’u hamrywiadau yma, ynghyda’r ffurfiau cyfatebol yn nhestun Ystorya Dared a olygwyd gan J. Gwenogvryn Evans yn The Text of the Bruts from the Red Book of Hergest (RBH). Rhestrir yr enwau yn nhrefn yr wyddor:

Places Lleoedd People Pobl

Abbreviations

Byrfoddau

The text contains a number of common abbreviations. These have been expanded in the transcription to the forms that are given elsewhere in the text itself rather than to standard or dictionary forms. Expansions are denoted visually. Examples are:

Mae’r testun yn cynnwys nifer o fyrfoddau cyffredin. Ehangwyd y rhain yn y trawsgrifiad gan ddefnyddio ffurfiau a geir yn y testun ei hun yn hytrach na rhai safonol neu eiriadurol. Dynodir eangiadau yn weledol. Enghreifftiau yw:

The scribe may also abbreviate the following commonly occurring name:

Gall yr ysgrifydd fyrfoddi’r enw cyffredin canlynol hefyd:

Punctuation

Atalnodi

The punctus is the only punctuation mark used in this text; it may occur at the end of clauses.

Y punctus yw’r unig atalnod yn y testun hwn; gall ddod ar ddiwedd cymal.

In two places – 18.15 and 22.2 – the scribe has written two words in the wrong order, and then corrected the text by adding the sign " above each of the words in question to show that their order should be reversed.

Mewn dau fan – 18.15 a 22.2 – ysgrifennwyd dau air yn y drefn anghywir. Cywirwyd hynny drwy ychwanegu’r arwydd " uwchben y naill air a’r llall er mwyn cyfarwyddo’r darllenydd.

Ornamention

Addurniadau

A number of pages contain ornamentation in the margins. The ornamentation is usually associated with a large decorated coloured initial, and consists of a series of line-drawn scrolls that populate the left and occasionally top margins. Examples can be seen on pages 1, 5, 7, 9 and 12.

Ceir addurniadau yn ymylon sawl tudalen. Fel rheol cysylltir addurn â phriflythyren addurnedig fawr liw, a bydd iddo gyfres o luniau sy’n ffurfio sgroliau yn yr ymyl chwith ac ar frig y ddalen. Mae enghreifftiau ar dudalennau 1, 5, 7, 9 a 12.

The only other ornamentation in the manuscript consists of rubricated paragraph marks and large decorated initials. In some places the scribe has added an indication in the form of a hyphen where a paragraph mark should be placed but the rubricator has apparently failed to follow up, leaving only the hyphen. Examples are to be found on pages 6.13, 10.9, 10.13, 19.2 and 20.13. There are other slightly faded examples on pages 7.19 and 10.15.

Yr unig addurniadau eraill yn y llawysgrif yw marciau paragraff a ruddellwyd a phriflythrennau addurnedig mawr. Mewn rhai mannau arwyddodd yr ysgrifydd â chysylltnod fod angen ychwanegu marc paragraff ond ymddengys na wireddwyd hynny gan y rhuddellwr, a adawodd y cysylltnod fel yr oedd. Ceir enghreifftiau ar dudalennau 6.13, 10.9, 10.13, 19.2 a 20.13. Gwelir enghreifftiau pellach a gollodd eu lliw i ryw raddau ar dudalennau 7.19 a 10.15.

Damage

Difrod

Besides missing a number of pages, the manuscript has sustained damage to the remaining pages, the inner margins of which are considerably darkened and, from pages 13 to 26, made illegible by holes or rips beginning at the top and extending a little more than half-way down each page. There is also possible repair to the top right hand corner of page 1.

Collodd y llawysgrif nifer o’i thudalennau a difrodwyd y dail sydd weddill: duodd ymylon mewnol y rhain ac o dudalennau 13 i 26 aethant yn annarllenadwy am fod tyllau neu rwygiadau ynddynt sy’n dechrau ar y brif ac yn ymestyn ychydig dros hanner y ffordd i lawr i’r ddalen. Ymddengys hefyd i gornel dde uchaf tudalen 1 gael ei thrwsio.

The fragments of the text of Ystorya Dared are out of order in the manuscript. The proper order is:

Nid yw’r dernynnau o destun Ystorya Dared yn eu trefn gywir. Y drefn briodol yw:

Works consulted

Gweithiau yr ymgynghorwyd â hwy

Information on the dating and hand of this manuscript is based on the following authorities:

Pwyswyd ar yr awdurdodau canlynol am wybodaeth am ddyddio a llaw’r llawysgrif hon:

Revision history

Cynnydd y gwaith

10 August 2007. Peter Wynn Thomas(principal investigator), edited TEI header
10 August 2007. Peter Wynn Thomas(principal investigator), edited TEI header
10 Awst 2007. Peter Wynn Thomas(y prif ymchwilydd), golygu’r ffeil flaen TEI
10 Awst 2007. Peter Wynn Thomas(y prif ymchwilydd), golygu’r ffeil flaen TEI
13 May 2006, 2 April 2007, 14 May 2007. Peter Wynn Thomas(principal investigator), edited XML encoded files, produced table of corrections and amended where necessary
13 May 2006, 2 April 2007, 14 May 2007. Peter Wynn Thomas(principal investigator), edited XML encoded files, produced table of corrections and amended where necessary
13 Mai 2006, 2 Ebrill 2007, 14 Mai 2007. Peter Wynn Thomas(y prif ymchwilydd), golygu’r ffeiliau XML, cynhyrchu tabl o gywiriadau, cywiro yn ôl yr angen
13 Mai 2006, 2 Ebrill 2007, 14 Mai 2007. Peter Wynn Thomas(y prif ymchwilydd), golygu’r ffeiliau XML, cynhyrchu tabl o gywiriadau, cywiro yn ôl yr angen
17 May 2005. Diana Luft(transcriber, encoder), converted Word files with shortcuts into XML files and corrected them
17 May 2005. Diana Luft(transcriber, encoder), converted Word files with shortcuts into XML files and corrected them
17 Mai 2005. Diana Luft(trawsgrifydd, amgodydd), trosi’r ffeiliau Word a gynhwysai fyrfoddau yn ffeiliau XML a’u cywiro
17 Mai 2005. Diana Luft(trawsgrifydd, amgodydd), trosi’r ffeiliau Word a gynhwysai fyrfoddau yn ffeiliau XML a’u cywiro
9 August 2004 – 11 August 2004. Diana Luft(transcriber, encoder), corrected electronic version of folios 17-26
9 August 2004 – 11 August 2004. Diana Luft(transcriber, encoder), corrected electronic version of folios 17-26
9 Awst 2004 – 11 Awst 2004. Diana Luft(trawsgrifydd, amgodydd), cywiro’r fersiwn electronig o dudalennau 17-26
9 Awst 2004 – 11 Awst 2004. Diana Luft(trawsgrifydd, amgodydd), cywiro’r fersiwn electronig o dudalennau 17-26
9 August 2004 – 11 August 2004. D. Mark Smith(transcriber, encoder), corrected electronic version of folios 1-16
9 August 2004 – 11 August 2004. D. Mark Smith(transcriber, encoder), corrected electronic version of folios 1-16
9 Awst 2004 – 11 Awst 2004. D. Mark Smith(trawsgrifydd, amgodydd), cywiro’r fersiwn electronig o dudalennau 1-16
9 Awst 2004 – 11 Awst 2004. D. Mark Smith(trawsgrifydd, amgodydd), cywiro’r fersiwn electronig o dudalennau 1-16
5 August 2004 – 10 August 2004. D. Mark Smith(transcriber, encoder), checked DL’s transcript of folios 17-26 against prints
5 August 2004 – 10 August 2004. D. Mark Smith(transcriber, encoder), checked DL’s transcript of folios 17-26 against prints
5 Awst 2004 – 10 Awst 2004. D. Mark Smith(trawsgrifydd, amgodydd), gwirio trawsgrifiad DL o dudalennau 17-26 drwy ei gymharu â’r printiau
5 Awst 2004 – 10 Awst 2004. D. Mark Smith(trawsgrifydd, amgodydd), gwirio trawsgrifiad DL o dudalennau 17-26 drwy ei gymharu â’r printiau
4 August 2004 – 10 August 2004. Diana Luft(transcriber, encoder), checked DMS’s transcript of folios 1-16 against prints
4 August 2004 – 10 August 2004. Diana Luft(transcriber, encoder), checked DMS’s transcript of folios 1-16 against prints
4 Awst 2004 – 10 Awst 2004. Diana Luft(trawsgrifydd, amgodydd), gwirio trawsgrifiad DMS o dudalennau 1-16 drwy ei gymharu â’r printiau
4 Awst 2004 – 10 Awst 2004. Diana Luft(trawsgrifydd, amgodydd), gwirio trawsgrifiad DMS o dudalennau 1-16 drwy ei gymharu â’r printiau
4 August 2004 – 9 August 2004. Diana Luft(transcriber, encoder), transcribed folios 17-26
4 August 2004 – 9 August 2004. Diana Luft(transcriber, encoder), transcribed folios 17-26
4 Awst 2004 – 9 Awst 2004. Diana Luft(trawsgrifydd, amgodydd), trawsgrifio tudalennau 17-26
4 Awst 2004 – 9 Awst 2004. Diana Luft(trawsgrifydd, amgodydd), trawsgrifio tudalennau 17-26
3 August 2004 – 9 August 2004. D. Mark Smith(transcriber, encoder), transcribed folios 1-16 with shortcuts
3 August 2004 – 9 August 2004. D. Mark Smith(transcriber, encoder), transcribed folios 1-16 with shortcuts
3 Awst 2004 – 9 Awst 2004. D. Mark Smith(trawsgrifydd, amgodydd), trawsgrifio tudalennau 1-16
3 Awst 2004 – 9 Awst 2004. D. Mark Smith(trawsgrifydd, amgodydd), trawsgrifio tudalennau 1-16